{"id":1525,"date":"2013-12-24T12:49:33","date_gmt":"2013-12-24T12:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=1525"},"modified":"2014-09-29T08:31:28","modified_gmt":"2014-09-29T08:31:28","slug":"statni-it-politika-jak-by-mohla-vypadat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=1525","title":{"rendered":"St\u00e1tn\u00ed IT politika. Jak by mohla vypadat."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"pvc_stats total_only \" data-element-id=\"1525\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> &nbsp;1,676&nbsp;total views<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/LAN.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1526\" alt=\"LAN\" src=\"http:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/LAN.jpg\" width=\"199\" height=\"211\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Poj\u010fme se v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku zamyslet nad t\u00edm, jak by m\u011bla vypadat koncepce IT politiky st\u00e1tu. C\u00edlem \u010dl\u00e1nku nen\u00ed popsat v\u0161echno, sp\u00ed\u0161e se chci zam\u011b\u0159it na oblasti, ve kter\u00fdch bychom m\u011bli podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru p\u0159ikro\u010dit k\u00a0razantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupu. Uv\u00edt\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00ednky a diskusi.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Dobrou koncepci IT politiky st\u00e1tu pozn\u00e1me podle toho, \u017ee je se jedn\u00e1 o srozumiteln\u00fd a souvisl\u00fd syst\u00e9m doporu\u010den\u00ed, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it a d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjet efektivn\u00ed technickou infrastrukturu st\u00e1tu. Tzn. infrastrukturu, kter\u00e1 je <b>funk\u010dn\u00ed<\/b> (pln\u011b podporuje \u00a0funkce st\u00e1tu), <b>nem\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00fd provoz<\/b> (ani upgrady \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed),\u00a0 je <b>bezpe\u010dn\u00e1<\/b> pro intern\u00ed u\u017eivatele\u00a0 i pro ob\u010dany, je <b>\u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00e1 <\/b>\u00a0a modul\u00e1rn\u00ed (zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno princip stavebnice), je dynamick\u00e1 &#8211; otev\u0159en\u00e1 budouc\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m, flexibiln\u00ed \u2013 <b>schopn\u00e1 pru\u017en\u011b reagovat<\/b> na v\u011bcn\u00e9 i technick\u00e9 modifikace \u00a0tak, jak se postupn\u011b v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu m\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na ni, v\u011bcn\u00e9 zad\u00e1n\u00ed i technick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky realizace.<\/p>\n<p><b>Dynamika<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pro oblast IT jsou typick\u00e9 p\u0159ekotn\u011b se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00e9 technologie: V\u00a0IT typicky doch\u00e1z\u00ed b\u011bhem \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek let ke kompletn\u00edmu nahrazen\u00ed jedn\u00e9 technologie technologi\u00ed jinou, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed kompletn\u00ed v\u011bcn\u00e9 p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdm\u011bny pou\u017eit\u00e9 technologie. Snad v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m jin\u00e9m oboru nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0takov\u00e9 dynamice zm\u011bn\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Jsme nyn\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b na hranici podobn\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 zm\u011bny: Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 IT vybaven\u00ed, na kter\u00e9m jsou provozov\u00e1ny st\u00e1tn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, bude v\u00a0relativn\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9 dob\u011b nahrazeno. Ve\u0161kerou implementovanou logiku bude nutn\u00e9 z\u00a0program\u016f (a z\u00a0 lid\u00ed) z\u00edskat a p\u0159epsat do nov\u00e9 technologie, nebo\u0165 zm\u011bna, kter\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu glob\u00e1ln\u011b \u010dek\u00e1, je tzv. cloud computing.<\/p>\n<p><b>Cloud computing<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno je cloud computing model v\u00fdvoje , zalo\u017een\u00fd na internetov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. P\u0159\u00edkladem cloudov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed je nap\u0159\u00edklad google docs (google e-mail, kalend\u00e1\u0159, tabulkov\u00fd procesor, textov\u00fd procesor). U\u017eivatel p\u0159istupuje ke cloudov\u00e9 aplikaci pomoc\u00ed prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de, nepot\u0159ebuje instalaci na sv\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, nepot\u0159ebuje velkou v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed kapacitu na sv\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. \u00a0Pr\u00e1v\u011b na p\u0159\u00edkladu google dokument\u016f si m\u016f\u017eeme i princip vylo\u017eit. U\u017eivatel nepot\u0159ebuje vlastn\u00ed IT vybaven\u00ed: servery, z\u00e1lohovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, licence na \u201ekrabicov\u00e9\u201c software, nepot\u0159ebuje podporu, kter\u00e1 \u201ehl\u00edd\u00e1 funk\u010dnost\u201c a prov\u00e1d\u00ed reinstalaci program\u016f. V\u0161e, co u\u017eivatel pot\u0159ebuje, je nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 rychl\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstupem k\u00a0internetu. (T\u0159eba i po\u010d\u00edta\u010d LINUX s\u00a0bezplatn\u00fdm opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem) \u2013 a smlouvu s\u00a0poskytovatelem cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. U\u017eivatel si naj\u00edm\u00e1 software do \u201en\u00e1jmu\u201c, objedn\u00e1 si aplikace, v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed s\u00edlu, \u00falo\u017enou kapacitu apod. Jedn\u00e1 se o mnohem efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed model \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed IT, kter\u00fd p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u00faspory na stran\u011b dodavatele i odb\u011bratele (klienta) a je z\u00a0pohledu u\u017eivatele v\u00fdrazn\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Nen\u00ed nejmen\u0161\u00ed pochyb, \u017ee se tento model v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch letech prosad\u00ed a zp\u016fsob\u00ed novou revoluci v\u00a0IT. St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed programy \u201ese zahod\u00ed\u201c, respektive budou p\u0159eprogramov\u00e1ny do \u201ecloudu\u201c. Ve firm\u00e1ch i na \u00fa\u0159adech se zcela se zm\u011bn\u00ed strukturu pozic IT pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Pro informaci: V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je ji\u017e nab\u00eddka cloudov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1: B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 SME firma si ji\u017e nemus\u00ed budovat sv\u00e9 \u201eIT odd\u011blen\u00ed\u201c. V\u00a0cloudech u\u017e jsou k\u00a0dispozici aplikace, kter\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u0161echny procesy b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 firmy. (CRM, e-shop, \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed atd). Cloud p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed i pro velk\u00e9 korpor\u00e1ty a st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu. \u2013 Pro tyto velmi velk\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it tzv. priv\u00e1tn\u00ed cloudy. \u2013 Izolovan\u00e1 a dedikovan\u00e1 infrastruktura pro dan\u00e9ho korpor\u00e1ta nebo st\u00e1t. St\u00e1t by m\u011bl podporovat vytvo\u0159en\u00ed cloudov\u00e9 infrastruktury, frameworku, kter\u00e1 by postupn\u011b m\u011bla p\u0159eb\u00edrat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 aplika\u010dn\u00ed funk\u010dnosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro provoz jednotliv\u00fdch agend st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy. M\u00e1m na mysli vytvo\u0159en\u00ed priv\u00e1tn\u00ed cloud pro \u00fa\u010dely st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a provozovan\u00fd na infrastruktu\u0159e st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy. \u00a0Zn\u00ed to jako velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol? Ano, je, ale nikoliv nemo\u017en\u00fd.\u00a0 Z\u00a0IT pohledu je st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1va nen\u00ed nic ne\u017e (zjednodu\u0161eno):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Formul\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/b> (sb\u011br dat).<\/li>\n<li><b>Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat<\/b>, metadat, dokument\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vyt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dat<\/b> (BI, integrace, data mining, datov\u00e9 sklady, reporting).<\/li>\n<li><b>Publikace<\/b> (dat, report\u016f, nestrukturovan\u00fdch dokument\u016f).<\/li>\n<li><b>Autentizace a bezpe\u010dnost<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Prioritou st\u00e1tu by tedy m\u011blo b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159en\u00ed <b>priv\u00e1tn\u00edho cloudu<\/b>, d\u00e1le <b>cloudov\u00e9ho frameworku<\/b> pro v\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed \u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy, kter\u00fd by umo\u017e\u0148oval velmi rychl\u00fd a levn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed pro st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu\u00a0 pro priv\u00e1tn\u00ed cloud. Op\u011bt zd\u016fraz\u0148uji \u2013 priv\u00e1tn\u00ed cloud provozovan\u00fd na infrastruktu\u0159e st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p><b>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed registry<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Architekturn\u011b nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejprogresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed infrastruktury st\u00e1tu, tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, anatomicky \u0159e\u010deno, \u201ep\u00e1te\u0159\u201c e-governmentu, je tzv. syst\u00e9m z\u00e1kladn\u00edch registr\u016f: <b>Registr Osob<\/b> (pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby), <b>Registr obyvatel<\/b> (fyzick\u00e9 osoby), <b>Registr \u00a0adres<\/b> (adresy ve vazb\u011b na\u00a0 mapu),\u00a0 <b>Registr pr\u00e1v a povinnost\u00ed<\/b> (podp\u016frn\u00fd servisn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed registr). Podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru bylo chybou , \u017ee se tak revolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bna IT st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy, zm\u011bna z\u00e1kladn\u00edch registr\u016f, vyv\u00edjela je\u0161t\u011b pomoc\u00ed zastar\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch technologi\u00ed. Napojen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch agendov\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f (aplikac\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy) na ISZR (informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m z\u00e1kladn\u00edch registr\u016f), bylo programov\u00e1no znovu a znovu \u2013 pro ka\u017ed\u00fd org\u00e1n st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165. Nav\u00edc se prakticky v\u0161echna tato pr\u00e1ce vezme a zahod\u00ed: Bude nutn\u00e9 toto v\u0161e vyvinout znovu: tentokr\u00e1t do cloudu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed registry pro firmy<\/b><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0prvn\u00edm kroku byly zavedeny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed registry sm\u011brem k\u00a0ob\u010danovi. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm kroku by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 otev\u0159\u00edt tyto registry k\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed firm\u00e1m i ob\u010dan\u016fm. Deduplikac\u00ed, vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm, prov\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm dat byla provedena v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech na stran\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy ohromn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, nyn\u00ed by bylo t\u0159eba, aby v\u00fdhody t\u00e9to datab\u00e1ze byly zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bny ob\u010dan\u016fm i firm\u00e1m. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b registru obyvatel pochopiteln\u011b p\u0159i respektov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch omezen\u00ed (ochrana osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f). Omezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edm registr\u016fm by m\u011bl b\u00fdt zdarma, vybran\u00e9 slu\u017eby (nap\u0159. notifika\u010dn\u00ed aktualizac\u00ed, alerting by mohl b\u00fdt zpoplatn\u011bn). P\u0159\u00edjmy z\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti by \u010dasem m\u011bly b\u00fdt v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zdrojem pro st\u00e1tn\u00ed rozpo\u010det. P\u0159\u00edjmy takto z\u00edskan\u00e9 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity pro dal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj e-governmentu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Datov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky pro ob\u010dany i firmy<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Je n\u00e1stroj elektronick\u00e9 komunikace, kter\u00fd se jednozna\u010dn\u011b ujal. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je datov\u00fdmi schr\u00e1nkami odes\u00edl\u00e1no p\u0159es milion zpr\u00e1v m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. St\u00e1t by m\u011bl tento komunika\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edek rozv\u00edjet i nad\u00e1le, nap\u0159\u00edklad dopln\u011bn\u00edm formul\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00a0do informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu datov\u00fdch schr\u00e1nek. Pos\u00edlen by m\u011bl b\u00fdt i komfort u\u017eivatele datov\u00fdch schr\u00e1nek\u00a0 (nap\u0159\u00edklad mo\u017enost p\u0159eposl\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy do \u00a0e-mailu). Pln\u011b rozvinuta by m\u011bla b\u00fdt mo\u017enost pro fyzick\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby vyu\u017e\u00edvat informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m datov\u00fdch schr\u00e1nek pro vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9, st\u00e1tem garantovan\u00e9, doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed. Datov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky by mohly a m\u011bly vyu\u017e\u00edvat banky a dal\u0161\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00edsemnost\u00ed (PIN, v\u00fdpisy) ob\u010dan\u016fm. \u2013 Toto by m\u011bl\u00a0 b\u00fdt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem do st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu a jedn\u00edm ze zdroj\u016f prost\u0159edk\u016f pro dal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj egovernmentu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Elektronick\u00fd podpis a biometrick\u00fd podpis \u2013 n\u00e1stroj elektronizace formul\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Elektronick\u00fd podpis by m\u011bl b\u00fdt ve st\u00e1tn\u00ed IT politice dopln\u011bn o vyu\u017eit\u00ed <a href=\"http:\/\/vitezslavpraks.blog.zive.cz\/2012\/10\/biometricky-podpis-zmeni-vse-banky-podniky-postu-i-statni-spravu\/\">biometrick\u00e9ho podpisu<\/a>, kter\u00fd je pro v\u011bt\u0161inu u\u017eivatel\u016f jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed na pou\u017eit\u00ed. Zaveden\u00edm tablet\u016f , umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch biometrick\u00fd elektronick\u00fd podpis, by umo\u017enilo velmi rychl\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 elektronizace formul\u00e1\u0159\u016f a pod\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy s\u00a0nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fdmi \u00fasporami a urychlen\u00edm zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1vratnost tohoto projektu by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 odhadnout do jednoho roku od zaveden\u00ed tohoto projektu. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u00faspory, kter\u00fdch by bylo mo\u017eno dos\u00e1hnout elektronizac\u00ed\u00a0 procesu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed, by byly ohromn\u00e9. Velmi by se zkr\u00e1tily tak\u00e9 \u010dasy pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro vy\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed \u2013 jist\u011b s\u00a0pozitivn\u00edm dopadem na ekonomiku.<\/p>\n<p><b>Publikace dat<\/b><\/p>\n<p>St\u00e1t by m\u011bl p\u0159ej\u00edt na jednotnou infrastrukturu publikace dat. P\u0159\u00edkladem jsou standardy jako <a href=\"http:\/\/www.opendata.cz\/\">opendata<\/a>. V\u00fdhodou sjednocen\u00ed form\u00e1tu publikace dat je srovnateln\u00e1 s\u00a0rozd\u00edlem mezi pap\u00edrov\u00fdm a elektronick\u00fdm dokumentem: mo\u017enost automatick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, mo\u017enost nesm\u00edrn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, mo\u017enost agregace i velmi velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed dat. Mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dat po\u0159izovan\u00fdch st\u00e1tem k\u00a0nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Podslo\u017ekou dat jsou data finan\u010dn\u00ed. St\u00e1t by m\u011bl na v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch podporovat aplikace jako jsou tzv. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rozpocetobce.cz\/seznam-obci\/539571-pruhonice\">klikac\u00ed rozpo\u010dty<\/a>. Neexistuje efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tlak na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch rozpo\u010dt\u016f ne\u017e jejich publikace a p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kontrole (a obhajob\u011b).<\/p>\n<p><b>Port\u00e1ly pro n\u00e1kup a prodej<\/b><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bme si, \u017ee v\u0161echny v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed firmy maj\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1kup \u2013 smlouvy s\u00a0dodavateli jsou \u0159e\u0161eny na jednom m\u00edst\u011b, jednou agendou. Firmy t\u00edm redukuj\u00ed mo\u017enost korupce, spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0n\u00e1kupem, ale i prost\u00e9ho chaosu \u2013 duplicitn\u00edm n\u00e1kup\u016fm. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1kup sdru\u017euje men\u0161\u00ed zak\u00e1zky do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch, systematicky vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1 s\u00a0dodavateli tak, aby z\u00edskal co nejlep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Tot\u00e9\u017e by m\u011bl zav\u00e9st i st\u00e1t.\u00a0 Centralizace by zajistila vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dohledatelnost (kdy\u017e u\u017e by ke korupci do\u0161lo, bylo by ji alespo\u0148 mo\u017en\u00e9 snadn\u011bji dohledat), p\u0159inesla by zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed pro zadavatele i dodavatele. Procesn\u00ed, metodick\u00e9, organiza\u010dn\u00ed, publika\u010dn\u00ed sjednocen\u00ed by v\u00fdrazn\u011b zjednodu\u0161ilo st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontrolu nad potenci\u00e1ln\u011b korup\u010dn\u011b rizikovou agendou: n\u00e1kupem a prodejem. \u2013 Kontrolu prim\u00e1rn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed NK\u00da, \u00daOHS, Protikorup\u010dn\u00ed policie. \u2013 V\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdm sjednocen\u00edm by nepochybn\u011b do\u0161lo k\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm \u00faspor\u00e1m n\u00e1klad\u016f na jejich stran\u011b, do\u0161lo by jist\u011b i k\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity jejich pr\u00e1ce. Korupci, upl\u00e1cen\u00ed, pleticha\u0159en\u00ed se zak\u00e1zkami nelze\u00a0 potla\u010dit zcela, je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 aplikac\u00ed rozumn\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch postup\u016f dos\u00e1hnout toho, \u017ee je korupce ex post odhalena a prok\u00e1z\u00e1na, co\u017e zp\u011btn\u011b jist\u011b zp\u016fsob\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed korup\u010dn\u00edch pokus\u016f. Dnes je nepochybn\u011b korupce tak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1, nebo\u0165 je beztrestn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b provozuje st\u00e1t des\u00edtky r\u016fzn\u00fdch popt\u00e1vkov\u00fdch a auk\u010dn\u00edch port\u00e1l\u016f s\u00a0naprosto r\u016fznou metodikou a pravidly.\u00a0 Tento provoz je ne\u00fanosn\u011b drah\u00fd a cel\u00e1 infrastruktura je pro zadavatele i dodavatele n\u00e1kladn\u00e1, pomal\u00e1, neefektivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 registry<\/b><\/p>\n<p>St\u00e1t by m\u011bl pos\u00edlit a v\u00e9st ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 registry, zejm\u00e9na registry jako je registr exeku\u010dn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ob\u010dan by m\u011bl m\u00edt mo\u017enost kdykoliv bezplatn\u011b zjistit, zda je v\u016f\u010di n\u011bmu vedeno exeku\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ob\u010dan by m\u011bl m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0ve\u0161ker\u00fdm \u00fadaj\u016fm, kter\u00e9 o n\u011bm st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1va vede. Jednotliv\u00e9 registry by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt izolovan\u00e9 (v\u011bcn\u011b i technologicky) aplika\u010dn\u00ed ostr\u016fvky, ale m\u011bly by b\u00fdt sjednoceny do st\u00e1tn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktury \u2013 form\u00e1tov\u011b i v\u00fdstupov\u011b tak, aby umo\u017e\u0148ovaly i ob\u010dan\u016fm automatizovanou pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0t\u011bmito informa\u010dn\u00edmi v\u00fdstupy. Pochopiteln\u011b p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. (Velk\u00fd bratr nesm\u00ed vzniknout).<\/p>\n<p><b>Integrovan\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/b><\/p>\n<p>St\u00e1t by m\u011bl iniciovat vznik integrovan\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd by propojoval v\u00fdstupy informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f \u0161kol, knihoven, muze\u00ed, ale t\u0159eba i evidence \u00fa\u0159adu pr\u00e1ce. (Viz v\u00fd\u0161e sjednocen\u00ed publika\u010dn\u00edch form\u00e1t\u016f). St\u00e1t by m\u011bl zajistit student\u016fm, ale t\u0159eba i rekvalifikuj\u00edc\u00edm se pracovn\u00edk\u016fm, ale pota\u017emo v\u0161em obyvatel\u016fm, p\u0159\u00edstup do t\u00e9to st\u00e1tem garantovan\u00e9 infrastruktury. Z\u00e1kony, normy, u\u010debnice, fundament\u00e1ln\u00ed texty by m\u011bly b\u00fdt dostupn\u00e9 v\u0161em. Formulac\u00ed <i>st\u00e1t by m\u011bl<\/i> \u2013 je m\u00edn\u011bn po\u017eadavek vyvinout \u00fasil\u00ed a celou \u0159adu z\u00e1sadn\u00edch dokument\u016f vykoupit, zkonvertovat je do podoby ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho statku, s\u00a0n\u00edm\u017e m\u016f\u017ee kdokoliv voln\u011b disponovat. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 se inspirovat ve velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m projektu v\u00a0Japonsku, kde p\u0159esn\u011b toto provedli: Vykoupili autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va k\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u00edm text\u016fm a uvolnili je ob\u010dan\u016fm k\u00a0voln\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed. Tato transakce se vyplat\u00ed autor\u016fm, nakladatel\u016fm i koncov\u00fdm u\u017eivatel\u016fm. Pro\u010d? Sv\u011bt se zm\u011bnil. A st\u00e1tn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed a informa\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktura je st\u00e1le na \u00farovni po\u010d\u00e1tku dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Mysl\u00edme-li \u0159e\u010di o znalostn\u00ed ekonomice v\u00e1\u017en\u011b (efektivita d\u00edky snadn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0informac\u00edm), budujme infrastrukturu, kter\u00e1 tuto znalostn\u00ed spole\u010dnost vytvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tento program by samoz\u0159ejm\u011b bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 napojit na st\u00e1tn\u00ed dota\u010dn\u00ed politiku v\u00a0oblasti v\u011bdy\u00a0 a kultury. Tv\u016frci a nakladatel\u00e9 by m\u011bli mo\u017enost uch\u00e1zet se o tuto formu st\u00e1tn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku \u2013 a mohli by takto realizovat i nekomer\u010dn\u00ed aktivity vysok\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 nebo historick\u00e9 hodnoty, se z\u00e1sadn\u00edm impaktem na m\u00edstn\u00ed i glob\u00e1ln\u00ed kulturu. \u2013 St\u00e1t by naopak za svou podporu z\u00edskal (a levn\u011bji ne\u017e ve st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm modelu) licenci pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dokumentu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9ho integrovan\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (\u0161koly, knihovny, \u00fa\u0159ady pr\u00e1ce a dal\u0161\u00ed kulturn\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed centra.) Tzn. (v\u011bdeck\u00e9, kulturn\u00ed) pr\u00e1ce, jejich\u017e vznik byl financov\u00e1n z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch pen\u011bz, by musely b\u00fdt povinn\u011b publikov\u00e1ny ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm syst\u00e9mu tak, aby se staly ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm statkem. (Smluvn\u00ed podm\u00ednka poskytnut\u00ed dotace). Argumentace je jednoduch\u00e1: Ob\u010dan ze sv\u00fdch pen\u011bz financoval vznik d\u00edla, ob\u010dan by m\u011bl m\u00edt kdykoliv k\u00a0tomu, co si zaplatil, p\u0159\u00edstup. D\u00edky elektronick\u00e9 form\u011b by cel\u00fd proces mohl b\u00fdt nesm\u00edrn\u011b efektivn\u00ed a \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdbava \u0161kol by m\u011bla b\u00fdt standardizov\u00e1na: Ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b by m\u011blo m\u00edt ve \u0161kole p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0PC (i v\u00a0mimo\u0161koln\u00ed dob\u011b), m\u011blo by se sezn\u00e1mit s\u00a0opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem Windows i Linux. \u0160koly by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vybaveny \u010dte\u010dkami elektronick\u00fdch knih. (Jedn\u00e1 se o pasivn\u00ed display, kter\u00fd nez\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, je tedy z\u00a0ergonomick\u00e9ho hlediska pln\u011b ekvivalentn\u00ed standardn\u00edmu pap\u00edru \u2013 ov\u0161em umo\u017e\u0148uje t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ovat fakticky kompletn\u00ed znalostn\u00ed b\u00e1zi lidstva. A \u00fakolem \u0161koly by m\u011blo b\u00fdt student\u016fm zp\u0159\u00edstupnit p\u0159\u00edstup k prim\u00e1rn\u00edm dokument\u016fm, nikoliv vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed proces fixovat na tenden\u010d\u00ed a zjednodu\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdklady.<\/p>\n<p>Autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo\u00a0 a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00famluvy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ovat i copyrightem chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd obsah zp\u0159\u00edstupnit d\u011btem a student\u016fm pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely. Vyu\u017eijme toho!<\/p>\n<p><b>Bezpe\u010dnost dat<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komponentou informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu, jsou data. Jsou podkladem pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 (nebo chybn\u00e9, jsou-li podkladov\u00e1 data nekvalitn\u00ed) rozhodnut\u00ed. St\u00e1t by m\u011bl svou legislativou pe\u010dovat o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed soukrom\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f. St\u00e1t by m\u011bl prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch politik v\u00fdrazn\u011bji regulovat raketov\u00fd rozvoj kamerov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Instalace kamer, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed sn\u00edmat zvuk, kter\u00e1 je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00a0\u010cR povolena, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u2013 nikoliv zak\u00e1z\u00e1na, ale v\u00fdrazn\u011bji regulov\u00e1na. \u00a0P\u0159\u00edklad: vybavit kamerov\u00fd syst\u00e9m kvalitn\u00edm mikrofonem je technicky nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a velmi levn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Nen\u00ed technicky obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ve vazb\u011b na vstup z\u00a0mikrofonu nastavit dal\u0161\u00ed logiku zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159. detekce zvuku st\u0159elby, t\u0159\u00ed\u0161ten\u00ed skla (automatizovan\u00fd alerting), automatizovan\u00e1 detekce autonehod. Ale m\u011blo by b\u00fdt nap\u0159. z\u00e1konem zak\u00e1z\u00e1no po\u0159izovat nahr\u00e1vky takto po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho zvuku, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by m\u011blo b\u00fdt toto pr\u00e1vo vyhrazeno jen pro skute\u010dn\u011b velmi v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdrazn\u011b regulov\u00e1na by m\u011bla b\u00fdt instalace <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fotopast.cz\/\">fotopast\u00ed<\/a>. Pokud neza\u010dneme tuto oblast v\u00fdrazn\u011bji regulovat, nebude existovat ji\u017e brzy nikde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 soukrom\u00ed a \u017eivot ji\u017e brzy p\u0159estane b\u00fdt k\u00a0\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b regulov\u00e1na by m\u011bla b\u00fdt dosud opom\u00edjen\u00e1 problematika historie dat, tzv. problematika \u201edata retention\u201c a to zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0oblasti, kter\u00e1 je nejintimn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: Data telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch oper\u00e1tor\u016f, nebo\u0165 doslova a do p\u00edsmene dokumentuj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd pohyb ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z\u00a0n\u00e1s, v\u0161echny na\u0161e mezilidsk\u00e9 kontakty. Telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti eviduj\u00ed velmi p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o lokaci (s p\u0159esn\u00fdm propojen\u00edm\u00a0 na GIS, p\u0159ijat\u00fdch SMS, odeslan\u00fdch SMS, uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00fdch i neuskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00fdch hovorech. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto metadat je mo\u017en\u00e9 rekonstruovat minutu po minut\u011b ve\u0161ker\u00e9 aktivity sledovan\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, v\u0161echny jeho kontakty. Technick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky sledov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e tak technicky dokonal\u00e9 a tak nesm\u00edrn\u011b levn\u00e9 a dostupn\u00e9, \u017ee bude zapot\u0159eb\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u011b siln\u00e9ho, vytrval\u00e9ho a pe\u010dliv\u00e9ho protitlaku st\u00e1tu, aby lidsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost nebyla \u00fapln\u011b \u201eprof\u00edzlov\u00e1na\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Na \u00farovni Evropsk\u00e9 unie by legislativou m\u011bla b\u00fdt omezena spolupr\u00e1ce velk\u00fdch korporac\u00ed provozuj\u00edc\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00ed IT infrastrukturu (Microsoft, Google apod) s\u00a0tajn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami.\u00a0 Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav je natolik nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem ohro\u017euje \u00a0nejen soukrom\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f, ale fakticky u\u017e i suverenitu st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n<div data-counters='1' data-style='square' data-size='regular' data-url='https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=1525' data-title='St\u00e1tn\u00ed IT politika. Jak by mohla vypadat.' class='linksalpha_container linksalpha_app_3'><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='facebook' class='linksalpha_icon_facebook'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='twitter' class='linksalpha_icon_twitter'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='googleplus' class='linksalpha_icon_googleplus'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='mail' class='linksalpha_icon_mail'><\/a><\/div><div data-position='' data-url='https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=1525' data-title='St\u00e1tn\u00ed IT politika. Jak by mohla vypadat.' class='linksalpha_container linksalpha_app_7'><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='facebook' class='linksalpha_icon_facebook'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='twitter' class='linksalpha_icon_twitter'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='googleplus' class='linksalpha_icon_googleplus'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='mail' class='linksalpha_icon_mail'><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;1,676&nbsp;total views Poj\u010fme se v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku zamyslet nad t\u00edm, jak by m\u011bla vypadat koncepce IT politiky st\u00e1tu. C\u00edlem \u010dl\u00e1nku nen\u00ed popsat v\u0161echno, sp\u00ed\u0161e se chci zam\u011b\u0159it na oblasti, ve kter\u00fdch bychom m\u011bli podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru p\u0159ikro\u010dit k\u00a0razantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupu. Uv\u00edt\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00ednky a diskusi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[27,11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1525"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1525"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1525\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}