{"id":3343,"date":"2014-11-09T09:54:26","date_gmt":"2014-11-09T09:54:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=3343"},"modified":"2014-11-09T10:10:00","modified_gmt":"2014-11-09T10:10:00","slug":"vlada-schvalila-zavedeni-registru-prestupku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=3343","title":{"rendered":"Vl\u00e1da schv\u00e1lila zaveden\u00ed Registru p\u0159estupk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vl\u00e1da tento t\u00fdden schv\u00e1lila uveden\u00ed Registru p\u0159estupk\u016f<\/strong>.\u00a0Registr p\u0159estupk\u016f m\u00e1 podchycovat tzv. bagateln\u00ed kriminalitu a m\u00e1 obsahovat evidenci drobn\u00fdch p\u0159estupk\u016f. Zdrojem by m\u011bla b\u00fdt evidence obc\u00ed, m\u011bstsk\u00e9 policie, inspekce a dal\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, viz citovan\u00fd dokument d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy. C\u00edlem je podchytit delikventn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0syst\u00e9mov\u011b \u00a0a na opakovanou recidivu reagovat vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi tresty: zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch pokut a\u017e na dvojn\u00e1sobem, i postupnou klasifikaci jedn\u00e1n\u00ed jako pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed trestn\u00fd \u010din.<\/p>\n

K z\u00e1konu byla vypracov\u00e1na velmi kvalitn\u00ed d\u016fvodov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, je k p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Formou citac\u00ed vyb\u00edr\u00e1m \u010d\u00e1sti d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 mne zaujaly.<\/p>\n

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Z\u00e1kon o\u00a0p\u0159estupc\u00edch, kter\u00fd lze pova\u017eovat za z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis p\u0159estupkov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b neupravuje centr\u00e1ln\u00ed ani m\u00edstn\u00ed evidenci v\u0161ech p\u0159estupk\u016f. Tato \u00faprava nen\u00ed obsa\u017eena ani v\u00a0jin\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpise.<\/p>\n

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Obce z\u00edskaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup do evidence p\u0159estupk\u016f, co\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed informovanost spr\u00e1vn\u00edho org\u00e1nu p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o ulo\u017een\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed sankce za sp\u00e1chan\u00fd p\u0159estupek.<\/p>\n

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…Takov\u00e1 \u00faprava [m\u00edn\u011bn je registr p\u0159estupk\u016f] by ve sv\u00e9m d\u016fsledku mohla na pachatele opakovan\u00e9 p\u0159estupkov\u00e9 delikvence p\u016fsobit mnohem \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bji, ne\u017e nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody, omezit jejich mo\u017enost p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159estupkov\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, odradit je od dal\u0161\u00edho p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed opakovan\u00e9 drobn\u00e9 delikvence a p\u0159itom je soci\u00e1ln\u011b nevylu\u010dovat.<\/p>\n

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Neexistence centr\u00e1ln\u00ed evidence p\u0159estupk\u016f vede k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee \u00fadaje o\u00a0sp\u00e1chan\u00fdch p\u0159estupc\u00edch konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch osob nejsou \u00fapln\u00e9, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00ed, pop\u0159. justi\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny nemus\u00ed m\u00edt pro sv\u00e9 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace. S\u00a0ohledem na tuto nahodilost z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o p\u0159estupkov\u00e9 minulosti osob nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0volb\u011b adekv\u00e1tn\u00edch sankc\u00ed, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9mu \u201eznev\u00fdhod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c osob, kter\u00e9 p\u0159estupky p\u00e1chaj\u00ed v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b sv\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b. Toto m\u00e1 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b negativn\u00ed dopady na vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed efektivity spr\u00e1vn\u00edho trest\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed. Je evidentn\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159estupky tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu kriminality postihuj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u010dany a \u017ee \u010dasto b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201ep\u0159edpol\u00edm\u201c pro p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch delikt\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i pro p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Zp\u016fsob reakce na tuto formu protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u010dinnosti m\u00e1 pak p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv na vztah d\u016fv\u011bry \u010di ned\u016fv\u011bry ob\u010dan\u016f ve\u00a0fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdkonnost org\u00e1n\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 moci a na jejich subjektivn\u00ed pocit bezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Informace o p\u0159estupc\u00edch projednan\u00fdch org\u00e1ny m\u00edstn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy ve sv\u00fdch spr\u00e1vn\u00edch obvodech pos\u00edlaj\u00ed obce a kraje na z\u00e1klad\u011b ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 96 z\u00e1kona o\u00a0p\u0159estupc\u00edch, ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v\u017edy ke dni 31. ledna ke\u00a0zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed Ministerstvu vnitra. Ministerstvo vnitra pak ze shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201eRo\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdkaz o\u00a0p\u0159estupc\u00edch projednan\u00fdch org\u00e1ny m\u00edstn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy\u201c. Z\u00a0evidovan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f v\u0161ak nelze zjistit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u00fadaje o pachatel\u00edch p\u0159estupk\u016f, evidov\u00e1n je pouze po\u010det jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159estupk\u016f, zp\u016fsob jejich vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, souhrn ulo\u017een\u00fdch sankc\u00ed a ulo\u017een\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, tzn., jedn\u00e1 se o \u00fadaje pouze statistick\u00e9ho charakteru. Do evidovan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f d\u00e1le nejsou zahrnuty p\u0159estupky projednan\u00e9 Polici\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky nebo obecn\u00edmi policiemi ani p\u0159estupky projednan\u00e9 jin\u00fdmi spr\u00e1vn\u00edmi org\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fd stav neumo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed boj s bagateln\u00ed kriminalitou. P\u0159esto\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b s\u00a0bagateln\u00ed kriminalitou se b\u011b\u017en\u00fd ob\u010dan s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed setk\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji. Jsou to nap\u0159\u00edklad drobn\u00e9 kr\u00e1de\u017ee, m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1siln\u00e9 \u010diny apod. Tedy je to kriminalita, kter\u00e1 se d\u011bje relativn\u011b \u010dasto, ale kv\u016fli neexistenci jednotn\u00e9 evidence p\u0159estupk\u016f jej\u00ed podstatn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st unik\u00e1 pozornosti a t\u00edm i mo\u017enosti \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Bagateln\u00ed kriminalita se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 jak z p\u0159estupk\u016f, tak z trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f. Zat\u00edmco trestn\u00e9 \u010diny lze sledovat jednodu\u0161e na z\u00e1klad\u011b policejn\u00edch evidenc\u00ed, p\u0159estupky takto sledovat nelze, jeliko\u017e neexistuje jejich jednotn\u00e1 evidence. Zaveden\u00ed evidence p\u0159estupk\u016f umo\u017en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto typu kriminality.<\/p>\n

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M\u00e1-li z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed evidence p\u0159estupk\u016f slou\u017eit pro d\u016fsledn\u00fd postih ve spr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, bylo by na m\u00edst\u011b evidovat v\u0161echny p\u0159estupky, pop\u0159. ty p\u0159estupky, kter\u00e9 nejsou jinak na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni evidov\u00e1ny (varianta I).<\/p>\n

V\u00a0t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi je preferov\u00e1no\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed evidence \u201ev minimalistick\u00e9 variant\u011b\u201c, kdy budou evidov\u00e1ny pouze vybran\u00e9 p\u0159estupky (varianta II).<\/p>\n

Lze v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee pokud se evidence p\u0159estupk\u016f v\u00a0navrhovan\u00e9 podob\u011b osv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed, bude mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159istoupit k\u00a0jej\u00edmu postupn\u00e9mu roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed o dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159estupky (nap\u0159\u00edklad na \u00faseku \u0161kolstv\u00ed a v\u00fdchovy ml\u00e1de\u017ee), kdy se sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto p\u0159estupk\u016f zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy spojuj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed d\u016fsledky (k tomu viz v\u00fd\u0161e). Je mo\u017en\u00e9 uva\u017eovat tak\u00e9 o\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed o\u00a0evidenci p\u0159estupk\u016f spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdkonu neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, jejich\u017e centr\u00e1ln\u00ed evidence by usnadnila \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 veden\u00ed seznamu kvalifikovan\u00fdch dodavatel\u016f podle z\u00e1kona o\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zak\u00e1zk\u00e1ch aj. (varianta III).<\/p>\n

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C\u00edlem zaveden\u00ed zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00e9ho postihu p\u0159estupkov\u00e9 recidivy je zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed postihu z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vzhledem k\u00a0opakovanosti dosahuje vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho stupn\u011b \u0161kodlivosti, a proto je nezbytn\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem zp\u0159\u00edsnit jeho postih. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed postihu recidivuj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159estupkov\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je proto zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed represe tam, kde ani opakovan\u00fd postih za p\u0159estupek nevedl k\u00a0n\u00e1prav\u011b pachatele, resp. kde st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159edky spr\u00e1vn\u00edho pr\u00e1va neposta\u010duj\u00ed k\u00a0tomu, aby byl pachatel \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b odrazen od\u00a0pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0protipr\u00e1vn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, resp. v\u00a0jeho opakov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po tomto z\u00e1v\u011bru je t\u0159eba ur\u010dit:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 po\u010det opakov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159estupk\u016f, kter\u00e9 bude z\u00a0hlediska zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed sankce relevantn\u00ed,<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 rozhodnou dobu pro p\u0159estupkovou recidivu, a<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0zp\u016fsob ur\u010den\u00ed zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00e9 sankce.<\/p>\n

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