{"id":3569,"date":"2015-02-15T08:10:40","date_gmt":"2015-02-15T08:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=3569"},"modified":"2015-02-15T08:37:21","modified_gmt":"2015-02-15T08:37:21","slug":"open-data-novela-zakona-o-svobodnem-pristupu-k-informacim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=3569","title":{"rendered":"Open data: novela z\u00e1kona o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"
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30. ledna 2015 byl poslanc\u016fm rozesl\u00e1n n\u00e1vrh novely z\u00e1kona o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm, kter\u00fd do agendy zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed koncept\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00fdch dat, koncept, kter\u00fd, jak je pops\u00e1no d\u00e1le, zp\u016fsob\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed IT revoluci ve v\u00fdvoji aplikac\u00ed a k p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm. V p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edm citace ze z\u00e1kona a z d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 jsou – pozoruhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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Vl\u00e1da p\u0159ipravila novelu z\u00e1kona o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 si ji p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst zde<\/a>. D\u016fvodem novely je reakce\u00a0na sm\u011brnici Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady \u010d. 2013\/37\/EU ze dne 26. \u010dervna 2013, kter\u00e1 po\u017eaduje zve\u0159ej\u0148ovat data ve strojem \u010diteln\u00e9 podob\u011b. Od p\u016fvodn\u00edho po\u017eadavku na st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu zve\u0159ej\u0148ovat data je nyn\u00ed kladen d\u016fraz na strojov\u011b \u010ditelnou podobu v\u00fdstup\u016f. Tato aktivita b\u00fdv\u00e1 souhrnn\u011b \u00a0ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako “Open data”. Podstatou t\u00e9to aktivity je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee nesta\u010d\u00ed jen zve\u0159ej\u0148ovat informace [z provozu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy], ale je t\u0159eba je zve\u0159ej\u0148ovat ve strojem \u010diteln\u00e9 podob\u011b. “Strojem \u010diteln\u00e1 podoba” umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00ed (nejen ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, ale i komer\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f) integrovat tyto nov\u00e9 a mnohdy zcela unik\u00e1tn\u00ed datov\u00e9 zdroje. \u00a0V\u00fdsledkem tohoto trendu je nov\u00fd koncept tvorby aplikac\u00ed, nov\u00e1 architektura: Data u\u017e nejsou “doma”, jsou na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech a jsou aplika\u010dn\u011b integrov\u00e1na. IT proch\u00e1z\u00ed \u010das od \u010dasu revoluc\u00ed. U\u017e dnes je jist\u00e9, \u017ee open data p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nov\u00fd koncept p\u0159\u00edstupu k architektu\u0159e aplikac\u00ed. Evropsk\u00e1 komise spo\u010d\u00edtala mo\u017en\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednost open dat na ekonomiku ve v\u00fd\u0161i 47 miliard K\u010d.\u00a0Cituji z n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm dopln\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mne zaujala.<\/p>\n

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\u201e(7) Strojov\u011b \u010diteln\u00fdm form\u00e1tem se pro \u00fa\u010dely tohoto z\u00e1kona rozum\u00ed form\u00e1t datov\u00e9ho souboru s takovou strukturou, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje programov\u00e9mu vybaven\u00ed snadno nal\u00e9zt, rozpoznat a z\u00edskat z tohoto datov\u00e9ho souboru konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed informace, v\u010detn\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f a jejich vnit\u0159n\u00ed struktury.”<\/p>\n

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“Otev\u0159en\u00fdm form\u00e1tem se pro \u00fa\u010dely tohoto z\u00e1kona rozum\u00ed form\u00e1t datov\u00e9ho souboru, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00fd na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm technick\u00e9m a programov\u00e9m vybaven\u00ed a je zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn ve\u0159ejnosti bez jak\u00e9hokoli omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by znemo\u017e\u0148ovalo vyu\u017eit\u00ed informac\u00ed obsa\u017een\u00fdch v datov\u00e9m souboru.”<\/p>\n

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(9) Otev\u0159enou form\u00e1ln\u00ed normou se pro \u00fa\u010dely tohoto z\u00e1kona rozum\u00ed pravidlo, kter\u00e9 bylo vyd\u00e1no p\u00edsemn\u011b a obsahuje specifikace po\u017eadavk\u016f na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed schopnosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch programov\u00fdch vybaven\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u011b si poskytovat slu\u017eby a efektivn\u011b spolupracovat.<\/p>\n

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Metadata jsou pro \u00fa\u010dely tohoto z\u00e1kona data popisuj\u00edc\u00ed souvislosti, obsah a strukturu zaznamenan\u00fdch informac\u00ed a jejich spr\u00e1vu v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu.\u201c.<\/p>\n

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p\u0159i zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed takov\u00e9 informace v elektronick\u00e9 podob\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jeden z t\u011bchto form\u00e1t\u016f otev\u0159en\u00fd a, je-li to mo\u017en\u00e9, t\u00e9\u017e strojov\u011b \u010diteln\u00fd. Je-li to mo\u017en\u00e9 a vhodn\u00e9, zve\u0159ejn\u00ed povinn\u00fd subjekt spolu s informac\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e metadata, kter\u00e1 se k n\u00ed vztahuj\u00ed. Form\u00e1t i metadata by m\u011bly co nejv\u00edce spl\u0148ovat otev\u0159en\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u00ed normy.\u201c.<\/p>\n

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Cituji z\u00a0d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy informace, kter\u00e9 mne zaujaly.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159edkl\u00e1dan\u00fd z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fdm je z\u00e1kon o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm novelizov\u00e1n, je reakc\u00ed na sm\u011brnici Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady \u010d. 2013\/37\/EU ze dne 26. \u010dervna 2013, kterou se m\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011brnice \u010d. 2003\/98\/ES o opakovan\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed informac\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho sektoru (Public Sector Information Directive; d\u00e1le t\u00e9\u017e jako \u201eSm\u011brnice\u201c). P\u016fvodn\u00ed zn\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011brnice 2003\/98\/ES se do z\u00e1kona o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm prom\u00edtlo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm novely proveden\u00e9 z\u00e1konem \u010d. 61\/2006 Sb. Z\u00e1kon o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm tak mus\u00ed reagovat na p\u0159ijat\u00e9 zm\u011bny p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 legislativy, kter\u00e1 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm Evropsk\u00e9 unie povinnost prov\u00e9st transpozici Sm\u011brnice s \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed od 18. \u010dervence 2015.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159esto\u017ee jsou navrhovan\u00e9 zm\u011bny sv\u00fdm charakterem veskrze zm\u011bny technick\u00e9, m\u011bly by napomoci k efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho sektoru a jejich opakovan\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed (informace ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho sektoru jsou d\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ke komer\u010dn\u00edmu i nekomer\u010dn\u00edmu pou\u017eit\u00ed ze strany subjekt\u016f stoj\u00edc\u00edch mimo ve\u0159ejn\u00fd sektor), a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky povinnosti zve\u0159ej\u0148ovat informace v otev\u0159en\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b t\u00e9\u017e ve strojov\u011b \u010diteln\u00fdch form\u00e1tech, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed kvalitativn\u00ed posun v mo\u017enostech vyu\u017eit\u00ed zve\u0159ej\u0148ovan\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Implementace po\u017eadavk\u016f Sm\u011brnice do pr\u00e1vn\u00edho r\u00e1mce \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky p\u0159isp\u011bje k mo\u017enosti vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdhody otev\u0159en\u00fdch dat v podnikatelsk\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e, neziskov\u00e9m sektoru i akademick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu za sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, nebo\u0165 krom\u011b po\u017eadavku na form\u00e1ty zve\u0159ej\u0148ovan\u00fdch a poskytovan\u00fdch informac\u00ed explicitn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u017e\u00e1dosti.<\/p>\n

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Lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee otev\u0159enost ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed ve form\u00e1tech, kter\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed informac\u00ed, bude m\u00edt pozitivn\u00ed vliv na ve\u0159ejnou kontrolu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, co\u017e v d\u016fsledku bude vytv\u00e1\u0159et tlak na jej\u00ed kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a hospod\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chod.\u00a0Lze t\u00e9\u017e o\u010dek\u00e1vat pozitivn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd dopad spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v intenz\u00edvn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho sektoru soukromou sf\u00e9rou.<\/p>\n

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V aplika\u010dn\u00ed praxi se z\u0159ejm\u011b budou poskytovan\u00e9 informace poskytovat v otev\u0159en\u00fdch form\u00e1tech jako TXT, PDF, RTF, RDF, XML, HTML\/XHTML, JPEG nebo CSV, tedy form\u00e1tech, kter\u00e9 jsou \u017eadateli p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 (\u010diteln\u00e9) za pou\u017eit\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho programov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Jedn\u00edm z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch atribut\u016f otev\u0159en\u00fdch dat je jejich strojov\u00e1 \u010ditelnost, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich dal\u0161\u00ed automatizovan\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Obecn\u011b jsou za form\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed strojovou \u010ditelnost, pova\u017eov\u00e1ny form\u00e1ty RDF, CSV, XML a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b HTML (nikoliv PDF, TXT, RTF).<\/p>\n

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 1,117 total views 30. ledna 2015 byl poslanc\u016fm rozesl\u00e1n n\u00e1vrh novely z\u00e1kona o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm, kter\u00fd do agendy zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed koncept\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00fdch dat, koncept, kter\u00fd, jak je pops\u00e1no d\u00e1le, zp\u016fsob\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed IT revoluci ve v\u00fdvoji aplikac\u00ed a k p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm. V p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edm citace ze z\u00e1kona a z d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 jsou – […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3569"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3569"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3569\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}