{"id":4127,"date":"2015-05-24T04:49:58","date_gmt":"2015-05-24T04:49:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=4127"},"modified":"2015-05-24T04:51:15","modified_gmt":"2015-05-24T04:51:15","slug":"evropska-komise-zprava-o-stavu-prirody-za-rok-2014","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=4127","title":{"rendered":"Evropsk\u00e1 komise: Zpr\u00e1va o stavu p\u0159\u00edrody za rok 2014"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Evropsk\u00e1 komise vydala 20.5.2015 zpr\u00e1vu o stavu p\u0159\u00edrody za rok 2014. Dokument si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst zde<\/a>. Celou bro\u017euru si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v angli\u010dtin\u011b\u00a0zde<\/a>. Technick\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je zde<\/a>. V p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku cituji oblasti, kter\u00e9 mne zaujaly.<\/p>\n

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“Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Jsme na p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00ed, kv\u016fli potravin\u00e1m, energii, surovin\u00e1m, ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a vod\u011b, bez nich\u017e by \u017eivot nebyl mo\u017en\u00fd. Krom\u011b toho je p\u0159\u00edroda \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm hnac\u00edm prvkem ekonomiky, jen\u017e se na na\u0161em hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed pod\u00edl\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, kter\u00fdm teprve za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me pln\u011b rozum\u011bt, a poskytuje slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed a tvorbu pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst a r\u016fstu. Je tak\u00e9 zdrojem inspirace, znalost\u00ed a odpo\u010dinku a ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed.”<\/p>\n

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“Pt\u00e1ci<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stav v\u00edce ne\u017e poloviny v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f je hodnocen jako bezpe\u010dn\u00fd. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 % populac\u00ed je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ohro\u017eeno, klesaj\u00ed nebo jsou vy\u010derp\u00e1ny a dal\u0161\u00edch 17 % druh\u016f je ohro\u017eeno (obr\u00e1zek 1). Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 trendy populac\u00ed pta\u010d\u00edch druh\u016f nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee pouze 4 % populac\u00ed jsou v ohro\u017een\u00ed, ale se vzr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed tendenc\u00ed, zat\u00edmco 6 % je v ohro\u017een\u00ed a stabiln\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch 20 % je v ohro\u017een\u00ed a vykazuj\u00ed klesaj\u00edc\u00ed tendenci (obr\u00e1zek 2).”<\/p>\n

\"ptaci\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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N\u011bkter\u00fdm druh\u016fm z\u0159ejm\u011b prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed c\u00edlen\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed postup\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v lokalit\u00e1ch s\u00edt\u011b Natura 2000.”<\/p>\n

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“Typy stanovi\u0161\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stav z hlediska ochrany a trendy u stanovi\u0161\u0165 jsou hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f. D\u016fvodem je patrn\u011b zaveden\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tradice opat\u0159en\u00ed ochrany druh\u016f a m\u00e9n\u011b komplexn\u00ed povaha a krat\u0161\u00ed doba odezvy p\u0159i obnov\u011b druh\u016f. V cel\u00e9 EU je stav 16 % stanovi\u0161\u0165 hodnocen jako p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd, zat\u00edmco v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny (77 %) vykazuj\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd stav, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 30 % p\u0159edstavuje stav hodnocen\u00fd jako nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd \u2013 \u0161patn\u00fd. Pokud jde o trendy stavu, u zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch 77 % stanovi\u0161\u0165, jejich\u017e stav je hodnocen jako nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd, je rozd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: 4 % stanovi\u0161\u0165 vykazuje zlep\u0161en\u00ed, u 33 % stanovi\u0161\u0165 je trend stabiln\u00ed, u 30 % je uv\u00e1d\u011bn zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se trend a u 10 % nebyl trend zji\u0161t\u011bn.”<\/p>\n

\"stanoviste\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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Tlaky a hrozby<\/strong><\/p>\n

U suchozemsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f (obr\u00e1zek 9) p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my pro v\u0161echny t\u0159i skupiny (pt\u00e1ci, jin\u00e9 druhy a stanovi\u0161t\u011b) \u201ezem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed\u201c a \u010dlov\u011bkem vyvolan\u00e9 \u201e\u00fapravy p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek\u201c. Pokud jde o \u201ezem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed\u201c, nej\u010dast\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdmi tlaky a hrozbami jsou \u00fapravy p\u011bstitelsk\u00fdch postup\u016f, pastva hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at (v\u010detn\u011b opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pasteveck\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f \/ nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 pastvy), hnojen\u00ed a pesticidy. Pokud jde o \u201e\u00fapravy p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek\u201c, nej\u010dast\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 \u010dinitele p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bkem vyvolan\u00e9 zm\u011bny hydrologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f, \u00fapravy hydrografick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed propojen\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165 a odb\u011br podzemn\u00edch vod.<\/p>\n

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Travinn\u00e9 porosty <\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed travinn\u00e9 porosty pat\u0159\u00ed v EU z hlediska druh\u016f k nejbohat\u0161\u00edm ekosyst\u00e9m\u016fm. Tyto syst\u00e9my, pro n\u011b\u017e bylo v minulosti typick\u00e9 extenzivn\u00ed hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, zaznamenaly v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch z\u00e1sadn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed plochy. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 49 % hodnocen\u00ed EU pro 45 typ\u016f stanovi\u0161\u0165 travinn\u00fdch porost\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch pro Spole\u010denstv\u00ed do\u0161lo k v\u00fdsledku nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd \u2013 \u0161patn\u00fd. Nav\u00edc stav t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 % druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f v\u00e1zan\u00fdch na travinn\u00e9 porosty se sni\u017euje a stav ostatn\u00edch druh\u016f z hlediska ochrany je v\u011bt\u0161inou nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 prvky tlaku na travinn\u00e9 porosty zahrnuj\u00ed intenzifikaci vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, necitliv\u00e9 p\u011bstitelsk\u00e9 postupy, p\u0159echod na jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a jej\u00ed opou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Mok\u0159ady<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Toto se t\u00fdk\u00e1 \u0160umavy – pozn\u00e1mka Ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho monitoringu<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Mok\u0159ady v\u010detn\u011b ra\u0161elini\u0161\u0165, vrchovi\u0161\u0165 a mo\u010d\u00e1l\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed k nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ekosyst\u00e9m\u016fm\u00a0v Evrop\u011b, nebo\u0165 v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed velk\u00fd \u00fabytek. Tvo\u0159\u00ed pouze p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b
\n2 % \u00fazem\u00ed EU a 4,3 % plochy s\u00edt\u011b Natura 2000, jsou v\u0161ak vysoce v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pro \u0161irokou\u00a0\u0161k\u00e1lu druh\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina typ\u016f mok\u0159adn\u00edch stanovi\u0161\u0165 je v EU chr\u00e1n\u011bna.<\/p>\n

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Z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/strong><\/p>\n

“N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy a stanovi\u0161t\u011b zahrnut\u00e9 do pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f vykazuj\u00ed zn\u00e1mky obnovy, jak dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Evropy. Existuj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 doklady toho, \u017ee s\u00ed\u0165 Natura 2000 m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u00falohu p\u0159i stabilizaci stanovi\u0161\u0165 a druh\u016f v nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9m stavu, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy jsou v odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm rozsahu zavedena nutn\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u00fd stav druh\u016f a stanovi\u0161\u0165 v EU se v\u0161ak v obdob\u00ed 2007\u20132012 v\u00fdznamn\u011b nezm\u011bnil, mnoho stanovi\u0161\u0165 a druh\u016f vykazuje nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd stav a u podstatn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti z nich pokra\u010duje zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu. Dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle 1 strategie EU v oblasti biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti do roku 2020 tud\u00ed\u017e vy\u017eaduje daleko v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost vy\u017eaduj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 skupiny druh\u016f, jako jsou sladkovodn\u00ed ryby, a stanovi\u0161\u0165, jako jsou travinn\u00e9 porosty \u010di mok\u0159ady. Aby se tyto trendy zvr\u00e1tily, je nutn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 tlaky a hrozby, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zm\u011bny zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch postup\u016f a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bny hydrologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, jako\u017e i nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.”<\/p>\n

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<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 1,182 total views Evropsk\u00e1 komise vydala 20.5.2015 zpr\u00e1vu o stavu p\u0159\u00edrody za rok 2014. Dokument si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst zde. Celou bro\u017euru si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v angli\u010dtin\u011b\u00a0zde. Technick\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je zde. V p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku cituji oblasti, kter\u00e9 mne zaujaly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[19,29],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4127"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4127\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}