{"id":6607,"date":"2019-07-22T11:15:57","date_gmt":"2019-07-22T11:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=6607"},"modified":"2019-07-23T04:13:50","modified_gmt":"2019-07-23T04:13:50","slug":"6607","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=6607","title":{"rendered":"Petr Je\u0161\u00e1tko: Stru\u010dn\u00e1 historie k\u016frovcov\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu na \u0160umav\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/g><\/svg><\/i>  3,593 total views<\/p>\n

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P\u0159etiskuji \u010dl\u00e1nek Petra Je\u0161\u00e1tka.<\/p>\n

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Je doba dovolen\u00fdch a pr\u00e1zdnin a \u0159ada lid\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed i N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park \u0160umava. Ji\u017e od jeho vzniku jsou okolo p\u00e9\u010de o p\u0159\u00edrodu, zejm\u00e9na o lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m, neust\u00e1l\u00e9 diskuze. \u0158ada n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f po\u017eaduje informace a ty se jim \u010dasto dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve zna\u010dn\u011b zkreslen\u00e9m, \u010dasto \u00fa\u010delov\u011b, stavu. Dovolte, abych kr\u00e1tce shrnul z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 a historick\u00e9 \u00fadaje :<\/p>\n

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– Historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj \u0161umavsk\u00fdch les\u016f 3 a\u017e 4 stalet\u00ed zp\u011bt :<\/p>\n

Za\u010dn\u011bme p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi stanovi\u0161ti v charakteristice lesn\u00edch vegeta\u010dn\u00edch stup\u0148\u016f: Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, tedy 9. kle\u010dov\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed 1,30 %, n\u00e1sledn\u00fd 8. smrkov\u00fd 19,32 %. Oba jsou ji\u017e bezz\u00e1sahov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

N\u00ed\u017ee jsou ji\u017e 7. bukosmrkov\u00fd, kter\u00fd je na rozloze 38,07 %, d\u00e1le 6. smrkobukov\u00fd, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed 39,10 % a posledn\u00ed 5. tedy jedlobukov\u00fd. Tomu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 i p\u0159irozen\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 skladba, kter by m\u011bla b\u00fdt Smrk 54 %, Jedle 15 %, Buk 27 %, Borovice 1 %, B\u0159\u00edza 2%, ost. listn\u00e1\u010de 2 % .<\/p>\n

Bohu\u017eel, jak dokladuj\u00ed historick\u00e9 podklady, ale i pylov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy proveden\u00e9 v\u011bdci v ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u00edch, je vid\u011bt n\u00e1padn\u00fd \u00fabytek jedle a buku v posledn\u00edch 3-4 stolet\u00edch, v souvislosti s rozvojem skl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm smrkov\u00fdmi monokulturami. Smrku, jako d\u0159evin\u011b ekonomick\u00e9, byla d\u00e1v\u00e1na p\u0159ednost a tak byl doc\u00edlen naprosto chybn\u00fd stav, kde smrk je zastoupen 85 %, Jedle pouze 1 %, Borovice 6 %, a Buk pouze 6 % .<\/p>\n

P\u00e9\u010de o lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my od vzniku n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku a\u017e do r. 2014<\/strong><\/p>\n

Byla zastavena holose\u010d (jako zp\u016fsob obnovy lesa) a za\u010dala pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na p\u0159em\u011bna na les p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fd, s mo\u017enost\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159echodu do bezz\u00e1sahovosti. Pl\u00e1ny p\u00e9\u010de, a\u017e do r. 2012 ukl\u00e1daly ro\u010dn\u011b kombinaci p\u0159irozen\u00e9 a um\u011bl\u00e9 obnovy Jedle, na redukovan\u00e9 plo\u0161e o rozsahu 160- 200 ha. Obdobn\u011b i u Buku na 250 – 300 ha ro\u010dn\u011b. Po r. 2014 p\u0159estal pl\u00e1n p\u00e9\u010de platit a nov\u00e9 veden\u00ed naprosto odm\u00edtlo takovouto spolupr\u00e1ci s p\u0159\u00edrodou, co\u017e bylo v rozporu nejen s dosavadn\u00edmi postupy, ale i s doporu\u010den\u00edm Univerzity Karlovy, P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 fakulty, ve zpracovan\u00e9 Anal\u00fdze v\u00fdvoje NP \u0160umava za posledn\u00edch 15 let v r.2007, kde bylo doporu\u010dov\u00e1no vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho Pl\u00e1nu p\u00e9\u010de. A to i p\u0159es dal\u0161\u00ed fakta, uveden\u00e1 v dokon\u010den\u00e9 Velkoplo\u0161n\u00e9 inventarizaci les\u016f NP \u0160umava v r. 2014, proveden\u00e9 \u00dastavem pro v\u00fdzkum lesn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, na objedn\u00e1vku veden\u00ed parku. Kde z\u00e1v\u011brem tito odborn\u00edci p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed: Druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed obnovy nesm\u011b\u0159uje k v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b ke skladb\u011b p\u0159irozen\u00e9, co\u017e je KRITICK\u00c9 zejm\u00e9na v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch. D\u0159evinn\u00e1 skladba obnovy je s nedostatkem jedle a buku!<\/p>\n

P\u00e9\u010de o lesy po r. 2014<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u0161lo k z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b. M\u00edsto \u0161etrn\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f pro lesn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my se za\u010dala up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 technika v t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, zejm\u00e9na v \u00famysln\u00fdch t\u011b\u017eb\u00e1ch. V\u00fdrazn\u011b se omezila v\u00fdsadba listnat\u00fdch sazenic a jedle a z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti i provoz lesn\u00edch \u0161kolek, v nich\u017e se tyto sazenice p\u011bstovaly. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu omezen\u00ed ochrany ji\u017e vys\u00e1zen\u00fdch listnat\u00fdch sazenic a jedle a t\u00edm, k jejich po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u010di zni\u010den\u00ed. Za\u010dalo se vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdjimky Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed – odklad zalesn\u011bn\u00ed vznikl\u00fdch holin s odvezen\u00fdm a prodan\u00fdm d\u0159\u00edv\u00edm o 28 let<\/strong> (sic!). T\u00edm se tyto porosty p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed na lesostep, tedy ide\u00e1ln\u00ed biotop pro p\u0159emno\u017eenou jelen\u00ed zv\u011b\u0159, kter\u00e1 p\u00e1ch\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0161kody na biodiverzit\u011b lesn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee p\u0159im\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 d\u0159eviny v porostech, zejm\u00e9na jedle, buku, klenu z\u016fstanou v r\u016fstu za smrkem, ustoup\u00ed do pod\u00farovn\u011b a zaniknou z d\u016fvodu zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed. Tedy pokud doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159irozen\u00e9 obnov\u011b, tak je to op\u011bt v 78 % smrk a t\u00edm se vytv\u00e1\u0159ejej\u00ed op\u011bt porosty ekologicky labiln\u00ed – n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na dal\u0161\u00ed kalamity.<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed obsahuje pouze z\u00e1kladn\u00ed orientaci. V\u00edce a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed dokumenty naleznete v p\u0159\u00edloh\u00e1ch :<\/p>\n

Je posl\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku vyt\u011b\u017eit d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed a holiny ponechat p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b?<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0160umava \u010di holina?<\/a><\/p>\n

Odborn\u00fd dokument Velkoplo\u0161n\u00e1 inventarizace les\u016f versus ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava<\/a><\/p>\n

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Petr Je\u0161\u00e1tko st.<\/a>\u00a0(Autor je b\u00fdval\u00fd vrchn\u00ed lesn\u00ed inspektor N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku \u0160umava, nyn\u00ed v d\u016fchodu).<\/p>\n

Star\u0161\u00ed\u00a0po\u0159ad Petra Je\u0161\u00e1tka pro \u010ceskou televizi<\/a>\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky Petra Je\u0161\u00e1tka na na\u0161ich str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch jsou\u00a0zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky na Ob\u010dansk\u00e9m monitoringu k t\u00e9matu \u0160umava si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst\u00a0zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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 3,593 total views P\u0159etiskuji \u010dl\u00e1nek Petra Je\u0161\u00e1tka.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21,29],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6607"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6607"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6607\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6612,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6607\/revisions\/6612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}