{"id":7337,"date":"2021-03-05T12:19:45","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T12:19:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=7337"},"modified":"2021-03-08T13:26:01","modified_gmt":"2021-03-08T13:26:01","slug":"vladni-navrh-novela-volebniho-zakona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=7337","title":{"rendered":"Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh &#8211; novela volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p class=\"pvc_stats total_only \" data-element-id=\"7337\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> &nbsp;1,398&nbsp;total views<\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/ios-e1612479660769.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/ios-e1612479660769.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6978\" width=\"90\" height=\"30\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o zm\u011bnu z\u00e1kona \u010d. 247\/1995 Sb. o volb\u00e1ch do Parlamentu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky a o zm\u011bn\u011b a dopln\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, vyvolanou ned\u00e1vn\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu. N\u00e1vrh m\u00e1 dv\u011b varianty. Prvn\u00ed zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 14 volebn\u00edch kraj\u016f, druh\u00e1 navrhuje celou republiku jako jeden volebn\u00ed obvod. Podle vl\u00e1dy spl\u0148uj\u00ed ob\u011b varianty \u201eparametry nastaven\u00e9 \u00dastavn\u00edm soudem a nab\u00edzej\u00ed spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed mand\u00e1t\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho postoje je preferov\u00e1na prvn\u00ed varianta, tedy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zm\u011bna. O zp\u016fsobu p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hlas\u016f k\u00a0zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed nerovnosti v\u00a0jejich po\u010dtu k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed jednoho mand\u00e1tu se pr\u00fd rozhodne pozd\u011bji. Soud\u00edm, \u017ee nikoli. Volebn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f je<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volebn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m\"> cel\u00e1 \u0159ada<\/a> a p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vac\u00edch metod jsou ve sv\u011bt\u011b des\u00edtky a jejich pro a proti jsou u\u017e v\u00edc ne\u017e hodn\u011bkr\u00e1t prov\u011b\u0159eny prax\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee kdy\u017e neusp\u011bla ani dost roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 d\u00b4Hondtova metoda, t\u011b\u017eko se vymysl\u00ed jin\u00e1. R\u016fzn\u00fd po\u010det voli\u010d\u016f v obvodech nen\u00ed matematicky \u0159e\u0161iteln\u00fd tak, aby mand\u00e1t byl podlo\u017een stejn\u00fdm po\u010dtem hlas\u016f. Kvadratura kruhu m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Jedin\u00fdm hmatateln\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem tak z\u0159ejm\u011b bude zm\u011bna diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed hranice pro koalice.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvodov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va obsahuje n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak postupovat, pod\u00edvejme se na n\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Je t\u0159eba, aby ka\u017ed\u00e1 volebn\u00ed strana z\u00edskala odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed pod\u00edl na mand\u00e1tech podle sv\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu na celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu odevzdan\u00fdch platn\u00fdch hlas\u016f a sou\u010dasn\u011b, aby tento volebn\u00ed zisk byl prom\u00edtnut do p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed mand\u00e1t\u016f v r\u00e1mci krajsk\u00fdch kandid\u00e1tek takov\u00e9 volebn\u00ed strany.<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017en\u00fd je i n\u00e1vrat k syst\u00e9mu volebn\u00edch kv\u00f3t s v\u00edce skrutinii.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edpustn\u00fd je i jin\u00fd zp\u016fsob p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00e9 v\u00e1hy hlasu voli\u010de a rovnosti \u0161anc\u00ed kandiduj\u00edc\u00edch stran. Pom\u011brnost zastoupen\u00ed je t\u0159eba v\u017edy m\u011b\u0159it podle v\u00fdsledku voleb do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny jako celku. Dosa\u017een\u00ed pom\u011brnosti pouze v rovin\u011b volebn\u00edho kraje je v rozporu s \u00dastavou.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b se ov\u0161em ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b konstatuje, \u017ee \u201eVzhledem k r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti kraj\u016f i z hlediska po\u010dtu obyvatel, a tedy i voli\u010d\u016f, je nevyhnuteln\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem takov\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee v men\u0161\u00edch volebn\u00edch kraj\u00edch bude p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1no i m\u00e9n\u011b mand\u00e1t\u016f.\u201c<br><br>Na z\u00e1v\u011br doporu\u010den\u00e1 metoda:<br>\u201eVzorcem pro p\u0159epo\u010det hlas\u016f na mand\u00e1ty je tzv. Hareova kv\u00f3ta. Jedn\u00e1 se o mechanismus, kdy je vyd\u011blen\u00edm celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu platn\u00fdch hlas\u016f pro subjekty postoupiv\u0161\u00ed do skrutinia \u010d\u00edslem 200 (po\u010det volen\u00fdch poslanc\u016f) z\u00edsk\u00e1no volebn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo (po\u010det platn\u00fdch hlas\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho mand\u00e1tu). Kolikr\u00e1t se toto volebn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo vejde do celorepublikov\u00e9ho zisku hlas\u016f konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed politick\u00e9 strany, hnut\u00ed nebo koalice, tolik z\u00edsk\u00e1 mand\u00e1t\u016f.<br>Pomoc\u00ed volebn\u00ed kv\u00f3ty v\u0161ak zpravidla nedojde k rozd\u011blen\u00ed v\u0161ech mand\u00e1t\u016f, proto je t\u0159eba nav\u00e1zat po\u010detn\u00ed operac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nerozd\u011blen\u00e9 mand\u00e1ty p\u0159id\u011bl\u00ed. Navrhovan\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s metodou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zbytk\u016f. N\u00e1sledn\u011b dojde k rozd\u011blen\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch mand\u00e1t\u016f ve volebn\u00edch kraj\u00edch, a to obdobnou metodou, a rozd\u011blen\u00ed zbyl\u00fdch mand\u00e1t\u016f t\u011bm volebn\u00edm kraj\u016fm, kde dan\u00e1 politick\u00e1 strana, politick\u00e9 hnut\u00e9 nebo koalice vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zbytky d\u011blen\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1vrh volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona v pln\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, najdete <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psp.cz\/sqw\/text\/orig2.sqw?idd=185752\">zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div data-counters='1' data-style='square' data-size='regular' data-url='https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=7337' data-title='Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh &#8211; novela volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona' class='linksalpha_container linksalpha_app_3'><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='facebook' class='linksalpha_icon_facebook'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='twitter' class='linksalpha_icon_twitter'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='googleplus' class='linksalpha_icon_googleplus'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='mail' class='linksalpha_icon_mail'><\/a><\/div><div data-position='' data-url='https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/?p=7337' data-title='Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh &#8211; novela volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona' class='linksalpha_container linksalpha_app_7'><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='facebook' class='linksalpha_icon_facebook'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='twitter' class='linksalpha_icon_twitter'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='googleplus' class='linksalpha_icon_googleplus'><\/a><a href='\/\/www.linksalpha.com\/share?network='mail' class='linksalpha_icon_mail'><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;1,398&nbsp;total views Jedn\u00e1 se o zm\u011bnu z\u00e1kona \u010d. 247\/1995 Sb. o volb\u00e1ch do Parlamentu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky a o zm\u011bn\u011b a dopln\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, vyvolanou ned\u00e1vn\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu. N\u00e1vrh m\u00e1 dv\u011b varianty. Prvn\u00ed zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 14 volebn\u00edch kraj\u016f, druh\u00e1 navrhuje celou republiku jako jeden volebn\u00ed obvod. Podle vl\u00e1dy spl\u0148uj\u00ed ob\u011b varianty [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7337"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7337"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7337\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7348,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7337\/revisions\/7348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obcanskymonitoring.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}